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docs: Add naming conventions for certain things.
This isn’t supposed to be too prescriptive. The C++ stuff just codifies some things we’ve managed to mostly agree on for public interfaces. The stuff for titles/descriptions is also just codifying existing rules so there’s something to point people towards. This will need to be refined as we go forward.
This commit is contained in:
Vas Crabb
parent
ec9992e002
commit
3b5f754717
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@ -8,6 +8,6 @@ insert_final_newline = true
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tab_width = 4
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trim_trailing_whitespace = true
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[*.py]
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[*.{py,rst}]
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indent_style = space
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tab_width = 8
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@ -6,11 +6,12 @@ This section covers technical specifications useful to programmers working on MA
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.. toctree::
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:titlesonly:
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layout_files
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device_memory_interface
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device_rom_interface
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device_disasm_interface
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floppy
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nscsi
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luaengine
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m6502
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naming
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layout_files
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device_memory_interface
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device_rom_interface
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device_disasm_interface
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floppy
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nscsi
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luaengine
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m6502
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@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ Coordinates
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~~~~~~~~~~~
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Layout coordinates are internally represented as IEEE754 32-bit binary
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floating-point numbers (also known as "single precision"). Coordinates increase
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floating-point numbers (also known as “single precision”). Coordinates increase
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in the rightward and downward directions. The origin (0,0) has no particular
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significance, and you may freely use negative coordinates in layouts.
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Coordinates are supplied as floating-point numbers.
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@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ Colours
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~~~~~~~
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Colours are specified in RGBA space. MAME is not aware of colour profiles and
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gamuts, so colours will typically be interpreted as sRGB with your system's
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gamuts, so colours will typically be interpreted as sRGB with your system’s
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target gamma (usually 2.2). Channel values are specified as floating-point
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numbers. Red, green and blue channel values range from 0.0 (off) to 1.0 (full
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intensity). Alpha ranges from 0.0 (fully transparent) to 1.0 (opaque). Colour
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@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ Parameters
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Parameters are named variables that can be used in most attributes. To use
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a parameter in an attribute, surround its name with tilde (~) characters. If a
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parameter is not defined, no substitution occurs. Here is an examples showing
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two instances of parameter use -- the values of the ``digitno`` and ``x``
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two instances of parameter use – the values of the ``digitno`` and ``x``
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parameters will be substituted for ``~digitno~`` and ``~x~``::
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<element name="digit~digitno~" ref="digit">
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@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ scope level corresponds to the top-level ``mamelayout`` element. Each
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Internally a parameter can hold a string, integer, or floating-point number, but
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this is mostly transparent. Integers are stored as 64-bit signed
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twos-complement values, and floating-point numbers are stored as IEEE754 64-bit
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binary floating-point numbers (also known as "double precision"). Integers are
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binary floating-point numbers (also known as “double precision”). Integers are
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substituted in decimal notation, and floating point numbers are substituted in
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default format, which may be decimal fixed-point or scientific notation
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depending on the value). There is no way to override the default formatting of
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@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ Value parameters are assigned using a ``param`` element with ``name`` and
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``view`` elements other ``group`` definition elements). A value parameter may
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be reassigned at any point.
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Here's an example assigning the value "4" to the value parameter "firstdigit"::
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Here’s an example assigning the value “4” to the value parameter “firstdigit”::
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<param name="firstdigit" value="4" />
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@ -176,27 +176,27 @@ in a child scope). Here are some example generator parameters::
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* The ``mask`` parameter generates values 2048, 128, 8...
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The ``increment`` attribute must be an integer or floating-point number to be
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added to the parameter's value. The ``lshift`` and ``rshift`` attributes must
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be non-negative integers specifying numbers of bits to shift the parameter's
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added to the parameter’s value. The ``lshift`` and ``rshift`` attributes must
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be non-negative integers specifying numbers of bits to shift the parameter’s
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value to the left or right. The increment and shift are applied at the end of
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the repeating block before the next iteration starts. If both an increment and
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shift are supplied, the increment is applied before the shift.
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If the ``increment`` attribute is present and is a floating-point number, the
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parameter's value will be interpreted as an integer or floating-point number and
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parameter’s value will be interpreted as an integer or floating-point number and
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converted to a floating-point number before the increment is added. If the
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``increment`` attribute is present and is an integer, the parameter's value will
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``increment`` attribute is present and is an integer, the parameter’s value will
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be interpreted as an integer or floating number before the increment is added.
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The increment will be converted to a floating-point number before the addition
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if the parameter's value is a floating-point number.
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if the parameter’s value is a floating-point number.
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If the ``lshift`` and/or ``rshift`` attributes are present and not equal, the
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parameter's value will be interpreted as an integer or floating-point number,
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parameter’s value will be interpreted as an integer or floating-point number,
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converted to an integer as necessary, and shifted accordingly. Shifting to the
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left is defined as shifting towards the most significant bit. If both
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``lshift`` and ``rshift`` are supplied, they are netted off before being
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applied. This means you cannot, for example, use equal ``lshift`` and
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``rshift`` attributes to clear bits at one end of a parameter's value after the
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``rshift`` attributes to clear bits at one end of a parameter’s value after the
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first iteration.
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It is an error if a ``param`` element has neither ``value`` nor ``start``
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@ -245,21 +245,21 @@ scr0physicalyaspect
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fraction. Note that this is the vertical component *before* rotation is
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applied. This parameter is an integer defined at layout (global) scope.
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scr0nativexaspect
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The horizontal part of the pixel aspect ratio of the first screen's visible
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The horizontal part of the pixel aspect ratio of the first screen’s visible
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area (if present). The pixel aspect ratio is provided as a reduced improper
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fraction. Note that this is the horizontal component *before* rotation is
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applied. This parameter is an integer defined at layout (global) scope.
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scr0nativeyaspect
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The vertical part of the pixel aspect ratio of the first screen's visible
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The vertical part of the pixel aspect ratio of the first screen’s visible
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area (if present). The pixel aspect ratio is provided as a reduced improper
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fraction. Note that this is the vertical component *before* rotation is
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applied. This parameter is an integer defined at layout (global) scope.
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scr0width
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The width of the first screen's visible area (if present) in emulated
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The width of the first screen’s visible area (if present) in emulated
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pixels. Note that this is the width *before* rotation is applied. This
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parameter is an integer defined at layout (global) scope.
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scr0height
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The height of the first screen's visible area (if present) in emulated
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The height of the first screen’s visible area (if present) in emulated
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pixels. Note that this is the height *before* rotation is applied. This
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parameter is an integer defined at layout (global) scope.
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scr1physicalxaspect
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@ -269,18 +269,18 @@ scr1physicalyaspect
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The vertical part of the physical aspect ratio of the second screen (if
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present). This parameter is an integer defined at layout (global) scope.
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scr1nativexaspect
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The horizontal part of the pixel aspect ratio of the second screen's visible
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The horizontal part of the pixel aspect ratio of the second screen’s visible
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area (if present). This parameter is an integer defined at layout (global)
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scope.
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scr1nativeyaspect
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The vertical part of the pixel aspect ratio of the second screen's visible
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The vertical part of the pixel aspect ratio of the second screen’s visible
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area (if present). This parameter is an integer defined at layout (global)
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scope.
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scr1width
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The width of the second screen's visible area (if present) in emulated
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The width of the second screen’s visible area (if present) in emulated
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pixels. This parameter is an integer defined at layout (global) scope.
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scr1height
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The height of the second screen's visible area (if present) in emulated
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The height of the second screen’s visible area (if present) in emulated
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pixels. This parameter is an integer defined at layout (global) scope.
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scr\ *N*\ physicalxaspect
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The horizontal part of the physical aspect ratio of the (zero-based) *N*\ th
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@ -292,18 +292,18 @@ scr\ *N*\ physicalyaspect
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(global) scope.
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scr\ *N*\ nativexaspect
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The horizontal part of the pixel aspect ratio of the (zero-based) *N*\ th
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screen's visible area (if present). This parameter is an integer defined at
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screen’s visible area (if present). This parameter is an integer defined at
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layout (global) scope.
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scr\ *N*\ nativeyaspect
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The vertical part of the pixel aspect ratio of the (zero-based) *N*\ th
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screen's visible area (if present). This parameter is an integer defined at
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screen’s visible area (if present). This parameter is an integer defined at
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layout (global) scope.
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scr\ *N*\ width
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The width of the (zero-based) *N*\ th screen's visible area (if present) in
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The width of the (zero-based) *N*\ th screen’s visible area (if present) in
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emulated pixels. This parameter is an integer defined at layout (global)
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scope.
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scr\ *N*\ height
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The height of the (zero-based) *N*\ th screen's visible area (if present) in
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The height of the (zero-based) *N*\ th screen’s visible area (if present) in
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emulated pixels. This parameter is an integer defined at layout (global)
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scope.
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viewname
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@ -348,13 +348,13 @@ param
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Defines or reassigns a value parameter. See :ref:`layout-concepts-params`
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for details.
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element
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Defines an element -- one of the basic objects that can be arranged in a
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Defines an element – one of the basic objects that can be arranged in a
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view. See :ref:`layout-parts-elements` for details.
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group
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Defines a reusable group of elements/screens that may be referenced from
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views or other groups. See :ref:`layout-parts-groups` for details.
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repeat
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A repeating group of elements -- may contain ``param``, ``element``,
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A repeating group of elements – may contain ``param``, ``element``,
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``group``, and ``repeat`` elements. See :ref:`layout-parts-repeats` for
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details.
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view
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@ -375,17 +375,17 @@ but an element is treated as as single surface when building the scene graph
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and rendering. An element may be used in multiple views, and may be used
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multiple times within a view.
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An element's appearance depends on its *state*. The state is an integer which
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An element’s appearance depends on its *state*. The state is an integer which
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usually comes from an I/O port field or an emulated output (see the discussion
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of :ref:`layout-parts-views` for information on connecting an element to an I/O
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port or output). Any component of an element may be restricted to only drawing
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when the element's state is a particular value. Some components (e.g.
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when the element’s state is a particular value. Some components (e.g.
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multi-segment displays and reels) use the state directly to determine their
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appearance.
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Each element has its own internal coordinate system. The bounds of the
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element's coordinate system are computed as the union of the bounds of the
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individual components it's composed of.
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element’s coordinate system are computed as the union of the bounds of the
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individual components it’s composed of.
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Every element must have a ``name`` attribute specifying its name. Elements are
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referred to by name when instantiated in groups or views. It is an error for a
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@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ drawn in reading order from first to last (components draw on top of components
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that come before them). All components support a few common features:
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* Each component may have a ``state`` attribute. If present, the component will
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only be drawn when the element's state matches its value (if absent, the
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only be drawn when the element’s state matches its value (if absent, the
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component will always be drawn). If present, the ``state`` attribute must be
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a non-negative integer.
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* Each component may have a ``bounds`` child element specifying its position and
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@ -440,22 +440,22 @@ text
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will be centred.
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dotmatrix
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Draws an eight-pixel horizontal segment of a dot matrix display, using
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circular pixels in the specified colour. The bits of the element's state
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circular pixels in the specified colour. The bits of the element’s state
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determine which pixels are lit, with the least significant bit corresponding
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to the leftmost pixel. Unlit pixels are drawn at low intensity (0x20/0xff).
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dotmatrix5dot
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Draws a five-pixel horizontal segment of a dot matrix display, using
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circular pixels in the specified colour. The bits of the element's state
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circular pixels in the specified colour. The bits of the element’s state
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determine which pixels are lit, with the least significant bit corresponding
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to the leftmost pixel. Unlit pixels are drawn at low intensity (0x20/0xff).
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dotmatrixdot
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Draws a single element of a dot matrix display as a circular pixels in the
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specified colour. The least significant bit of the element's state
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specified colour. The least significant bit of the element’s state
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determines whether the pixel is lit. An unlit pixel is drawn at low
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intensity (0x20/0xff).
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led7seg
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Draws a standard seven-segment (plus decimal point) digital LED/fluorescent
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display in the specified colour. The low eight bits of the element's state
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display in the specified colour. The low eight bits of the element’s state
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control which segments are lit. Starting from the least significant bit,
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the bits correspond to the top segment, the upper right-hand segment,
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continuing clockwise to the upper left segment, the middle bar, and the
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@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ led8seg_gts1
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intensity (0x20/0xff).
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led14seg
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Draws a standard fourteen-segment alphanumeric LED/fluorescent display in
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the specified colour. The low fourteen bits of the element's state control
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the specified colour. The low fourteen bits of the element’s state control
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which segments are lit. Starting from the least significant bit, the bits
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correspond to the top segment, the upper right-hand segment, continuing
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clockwise to the upper left segment, the left-hand and right-hand halves of
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@ -480,13 +480,13 @@ led14seg
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led14segsc
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Draws a standard fourteen-segment alphanumeric LED/fluorescent display with
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decimal point/comma in the specified colour. The low sixteen bits of the
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element's state control which segments are lit. The low fourteen bits
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element’s state control which segments are lit. The low fourteen bits
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correspond to the same segments as in the ``led14seg`` component. Two
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additional bits correspond to the decimal point and comma tail. Unlit
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segments are drawn at low intensity (0x20/0xff).
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led16seg
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Draws a standard sixteen-segment alphanumeric LED/fluorescent display in the
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specified colour. The low sixteen bits of the element's state control which
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specified colour. The low sixteen bits of the element’s state control which
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segments are lit. Starting from the least significant bit, the bits
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correspond to the left-hand half of the top bar, the right-hand half of the
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top bar, continuing clockwise to the upper left segment, the left-hand and
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@ -496,12 +496,12 @@ led16seg
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led16segsc
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Draws a standard sixteen-segment alphanumeric LED/fluorescent display with
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decimal point/comma in the specified colour. The low eighteen bits of the
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element's state control which segments are lit. The low sixteen bits
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element’s state control which segments are lit. The low sixteen bits
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correspond to the same segments as in the ``led16seg`` component. Two
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additional bits correspond to the decimal point and comma tail. Unlit
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segments are drawn at low intensity (0x20/0xff).
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simplecounter
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Displays the numeric value of the element's state using the system font in
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Displays the numeric value of the element’s state using the system font in
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the specified colour. The value is formatted in decimal notation. A
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``digits`` attribute may be supplied to specify the minimum number of digits
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to display. If present, the ``digits`` attribute must be a positive
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@ -558,11 +558,11 @@ load views from the layout file. This is particularly useful for systems where
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a screen is optional, for example computer systems with front panel controls and
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an optional serial terminal.
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Views are identified by name in MAME's user interface and in command-line
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Views are identified by name in MAME’s user interface and in command-line
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options. For layouts files associated with devices other than the root driver
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device, view names are prefixed with the device's tag (with the initial colon
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omitted) -- for example a view called "Keyboard LEDs" loaded for the device
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``:tty:ie15`` will be called "tty:ie15 Keyboard LEDs" in MAME's user interface.
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device, view names are prefixed with the device’s tag (with the initial colon
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omitted) – for example a view called “Keyboard LEDs” loaded for the device
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``:tty:ie15`` will be called “tty:ie15 Keyboard LEDs” in MAME’s user interface.
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Views are listed in the order they are loaded. Within a layout file, views are
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loaded in the order they appear, from top to bottom.
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@ -583,15 +583,15 @@ values from the end of the ``mamelayout`` element.
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The following child elements are allowed inside a ``view`` element:
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bounds
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Sets the origin and size of the view's internal coordinate system if
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Sets the origin and size of the view’s internal coordinate system if
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present. See :ref:`layout-concepts-coordinates` for details. If absent,
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the bounds of the view are computed as the union of the bounds of all
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screens and elements within the view. It only makes sense to have one
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``bounds`` as a direct child of a view element. Any content outside the
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view's bounds is cropped, and the view is scaled proportionally to fit the
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view’s bounds is cropped, and the view is scaled proportionally to fit the
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output window or screen.
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param
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Defines or reassigns a value parameter in the view's scope. See
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Defines or reassigns a value parameter in the view’s scope. See
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:ref:`layout-concepts-params` for details.
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element
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Adds an element to the view (see :ref:`layout-parts-elements`). The name of
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@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ layout elements is alpha blending.
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Screens (``screen`` elements), layout elements (``element`` elements) and groups
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(``group`` elements) may be positioned and sized using a ``bounds`` child
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element (see :ref:`layout-concepts-coordinates` for details). In the absence of
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a ``bounds`` child element, screens' and layout elements' bounds default to a
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a ``bounds`` child element, screens’ and layout elements’ bounds default to a
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unit square (origin at 0,0 and height and width both equal to 1). In the
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absence of a ``bounds`` child element, groups are expanded with no
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translation/scaling (note that groups may position screens/elements outside
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@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ If an ``element`` element has a ``name`` attribute, it will take its state from
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the value of the correspondingly named emulated output. Note that output names
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are global, which can become an issue when a machine uses multiple instances of
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the same type of device. See :ref:`layout-parts-elements` for details on how an
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element's state affects its appearance. This example shows how digital displays
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element’s state affects its appearance. This example shows how digital displays
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may be connected to emulated outputs::
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<element name="digit6" ref="digit"><bounds x="16" y="16" width="48" height="80" /></element>
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@ -711,9 +711,9 @@ If an element instantiating a layout element has ``inputtag`` and ``inputmask``
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attributes but lacks a ``name`` attribute, it will take its state from the value
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of the corresponding I/O port, masked with the ``inputmask`` value and XORed
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with the I/O port default field value. The latter is useful for inputs that are
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active-low. If the result is non-zero, the state is 1, otherwise it's 0. This
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active-low. If the result is non-zero, the state is 1, otherwise it’s 0. This
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is often used to allow clickable buttons and toggle switches to provide visible
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feedback. By using ``inputraw="1"``, it's possible to obtain the raw data from
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feedback. By using ``inputraw="1"``, it’s possible to obtain the raw data from
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the I/O port, masked with the ``inputmask`` value and shifted to the right to
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remove trailing zeroes (for example a mask of 0x05 will result in no shift, while
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a mask of 0xb0 will result in the value being shifted four bits to the right).
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|
|
@ -747,7 +747,7 @@ element::
|
|||
This group may then be instantiated in a view or another group element using a
|
||||
group reference element, optionally supplying destination bounds, orientation,
|
||||
and/or modifier colour. The ``ref`` attribute identifies the group to
|
||||
instantiate -- in this example, destination bounds are supplied::
|
||||
instantiate – in this example, destination bounds are supplied::
|
||||
|
||||
<group ref="panel"><bounds x="87" y="58" width="23" height="23.5" /></group>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -762,7 +762,7 @@ element has no ``bounds`` element as a direct child, its bounds are computed as
|
|||
the union of the bounds of all the screens, layout elements and/or nested groups
|
||||
it instantiates. A ``bounds`` child element may be used to explicitly specify
|
||||
group bounds (see :ref:`layout-concepts-coordinates` for details). Note that
|
||||
groups' bounds are only used for the purpose of calculating the coordinate
|
||||
groups’ bounds are only used for the purpose of calculating the coordinate
|
||||
transform when instantiating a group. A group may position screens and/or
|
||||
elements outside its bounds, and they will not be cropped.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -785,7 +785,7 @@ To demonstrate how bounds calculation works, consider this example::
|
|||
</view>
|
||||
|
||||
This is relatively straightforward, as all elements inherently fall within the
|
||||
group's automatically computed bounds. Now consider what happens if a group
|
||||
group’s automatically computed bounds. Now consider what happens if a group
|
||||
positions elements outside its explicit bounds::
|
||||
|
||||
<group name="periphery">
|
||||
|
|
@ -805,8 +805,8 @@ positions elements outside its explicit bounds::
|
|||
<group ref="periphery"><bounds x="5" y="5" width="30" height="25" /></group>
|
||||
</view>
|
||||
|
||||
The group's elements are translated and scaled as necessary to distort the
|
||||
group's internal bounds to the destination bounds in the view. The group's
|
||||
The group’s elements are translated and scaled as necessary to distort the
|
||||
group’s internal bounds to the destination bounds in the view. The group’s
|
||||
content is not restricted to its bounds. The view considers the bounds of the
|
||||
actual layout elements when computing its bounds, not the destination bounds
|
||||
specified for the group.
|
||||
|
|
@ -818,9 +818,9 @@ the group is instantiated (*not* its lexical parent, the top-level
|
|||
element set parameters in the local scope for the group instantiation. Local
|
||||
parameters do not persist across multiple instantiations. See
|
||||
:ref:`layout-concepts-params` for more detail on parameters. (Note that the
|
||||
group's name is not part of its content, and any parameter references in the
|
||||
group’s name is not part of its content, and any parameter references in the
|
||||
``name`` attribute itself will be substituted at the point where the group
|
||||
definition appears in the top-level ``mamelayout`` element's scope.)
|
||||
definition appears in the top-level ``mamelayout`` element’s scope.)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. _layout-parts-repeats:
|
||||
|
|
@ -984,24 +984,24 @@ layouts, MAME automatically generates views based on the machine configuration.
|
|||
The following views will be automatically generated:
|
||||
|
||||
* If the system has no screens and no viable views were found in the internal
|
||||
and external layouts, MAME will load a view that shows the message "No screens
|
||||
attached to the system".
|
||||
and external layouts, MAME will load a view that shows the message “No screens
|
||||
attached to the system”.
|
||||
* For each emulated screen, MAME will generate a view showing the screen at its
|
||||
physical aspect ratio with rotation applied.
|
||||
* For each emulated screen where the configured pixel aspect ratio doesn't match
|
||||
* For each emulated screen where the configured pixel aspect ratio doesn’t match
|
||||
the physical aspect ratio, MAME will generate a view showing the screen at an
|
||||
aspect ratio that produces square pixels, with rotation applied.
|
||||
* If the system has a single emulated screen, MAME will generate a view showing
|
||||
two copies of the screen image above each other with a small gap between them.
|
||||
The upper copy will be rotated by 180 degrees. This view can be used in a
|
||||
"cocktail table" cabinet for simultaneous two-player games, or alternating
|
||||
play games that don't automatically rotate the display for the second player.
|
||||
“cocktail table” cabinet for simultaneous two-player games, or alternating
|
||||
play games that don’t automatically rotate the display for the second player.
|
||||
The screen will be displayed at its physical aspect ratio, with rotation
|
||||
applied.
|
||||
* If the system has exactly two emulated screens, MAME will generate a view
|
||||
showing the second screen above the first screen with a small gap between
|
||||
them. The second screen will be rotated by 180 degrees. This view can be
|
||||
used to play a dual-screen two-player game on a "cocktail table" cabinet with
|
||||
used to play a dual-screen two-player game on a “cocktail table” cabinet with
|
||||
a single screen. The screens will be displayed at their physical aspect
|
||||
ratios, with rotation applied.
|
||||
* If the system has exactly two emulated screens and no view in the internal or
|
||||
|
|
@ -1023,17 +1023,17 @@ Using complay.py
|
|||
----------------
|
||||
|
||||
The MAME source contains a Python script called ``complay.py``, found in the
|
||||
``scripts/build`` subdirectory. This script is used as part of MAME's build
|
||||
``scripts/build`` subdirectory. This script is used as part of MAME’s build
|
||||
process to reduce the size of data for internal layouts and convert it to a form
|
||||
that can be built into the executable. However, it can also detect many common
|
||||
layout file format errors, and generally provides better error messages than
|
||||
MAME does when loading a layout file. Note that it doesn't actually run the
|
||||
whole layout engine, so it can't detect errors like undefined element references
|
||||
MAME does when loading a layout file. Note that it doesn’t actually run the
|
||||
whole layout engine, so it can’t detect errors like undefined element references
|
||||
when parameters are used, or recursively nested groups. The ``complay.py``
|
||||
script is compatible with both Python 2.7 and Python 3 interpreters.
|
||||
|
||||
The ``complay.py`` script takes three parameters -- an input file name, an
|
||||
output file name, and a base name for variables in the output:
|
||||
The ``complay.py`` script takes three parameters – an input file name, an output
|
||||
file name, and a base name for variables in the output:
|
||||
|
||||
**python scripts/build/complay.py** *<input>* [*<output>* [*<varname>*]]
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
146
docs/source/techspecs/naming.rst
Normal file
146
docs/source/techspecs/naming.rst
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
|
|||
MAME Naming Conventions
|
||||
=======================
|
||||
|
||||
.. contents:: :local:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. _naming-intro:
|
||||
|
||||
Introduction
|
||||
------------
|
||||
|
||||
To promote consistency and readability in MAME source code, we have some
|
||||
naming conventions for various elements.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. _naming-definitions:
|
||||
|
||||
Definitions
|
||||
-----------
|
||||
|
||||
Snake case
|
||||
All lowercase letters with words separated by underscores:
|
||||
``this_is_snake_case``
|
||||
Screaming snake case
|
||||
All uppercase letters with words separated by underscores:
|
||||
``SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE``
|
||||
Camel case:
|
||||
Lowercase initial letter, first letter of each subsequent word
|
||||
capitalised, with no separators between words: ``exampleCamelCase``
|
||||
Llama case:
|
||||
Uppercase initial letter, first letter of each subsequent word
|
||||
capitalised, with no separators between words: ``LlamaCaseSample``
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. _naming-transliteration:
|
||||
|
||||
Transliteration
|
||||
---------------
|
||||
|
||||
For better or worse, the most broadly recognised script in the world is
|
||||
English Latin. Conveniently, it’s also included in almost all character
|
||||
encodings. To make MAME more globally accessible, we require Latin
|
||||
transliterations of titles and other metadata from other scripts. Do
|
||||
not use translations in metadata – translations are inherently
|
||||
subjective and error-prone. Translations may be included in comments if
|
||||
they may be helpful.
|
||||
|
||||
If general, if an official Latin script name is known, it should be used
|
||||
in favour of a naïve transliteration. For titles containing foreign
|
||||
loanwords, the conventional Latin spelling should be used for the
|
||||
loanwords (the most obvious example of this is the use of “Mahjong” in
|
||||
Japanese titles rather than “Maajan”).
|
||||
|
||||
Chinese
|
||||
Where the primary audience was Mandarin-speaking, Hanyu Pinyin
|
||||
should be used. In contexts where diacritics are not permitted
|
||||
(e.g. when limited to ASCII), tone numbers should be omitted. When
|
||||
tones are being indicated using diacritics, tone sandhi rules should
|
||||
be applied. Where the primary audience was Cantonese-speaking
|
||||
(primarily Hong Kong and Guandong), Jyutping should be used with
|
||||
tone numbers omitted. If in doubt, use Hanyu Pinyin.
|
||||
Greek
|
||||
Use ISO 843:1997 type 2 (TR) rules. Do not use traditional English
|
||||
spellings for Greek names (people or places).
|
||||
Japanese
|
||||
Modified Hepburn rules should generally be used. Use an apostrophe
|
||||
between syllabic N and a following vowel (including iotised vowels).
|
||||
Do not use hyphens to transliterate prolonged vowels.
|
||||
Korean
|
||||
Use Revised Romanisation of Korean (RR) rules with traditional
|
||||
English spelling for Korean surnames. Do not use ALA-LC rules for
|
||||
word division and use of hyphens.
|
||||
Vietnamese
|
||||
When diacritics can’t be used, omit the tones and replace the vowels
|
||||
with single English vowels – do not use VIQR or TELEX conventions
|
||||
(“an chuot nuong” rather than “a(n chuo^.t nu*o*'ng” or “awn chuootj
|
||||
nuowngs”).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. _naming-titles:
|
||||
|
||||
Titles and descriptions
|
||||
-----------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Try to reproduce the original title faithfully where possible. Try to
|
||||
preserve the case convention used by the manufacturer/publisher. If no
|
||||
official English Latin title is known, use a standard transliteration.
|
||||
For software list entries where a transliteration is used for the
|
||||
``description`` element, put the title in an ``info`` element with a
|
||||
``name="alt_title"`` attribute.
|
||||
|
||||
For software items that have multiple titles (for example different
|
||||
regional titles with the same installation media), use the most most
|
||||
widespread English Latin title for the ``description`` element, and put
|
||||
the other titles in ``info`` elements with ``name="alt_title"``
|
||||
attributes.
|
||||
|
||||
If disambiguation is needed, try to be descriptive as possible. For
|
||||
example, use the manufacturer’s version number, regional licensee’s
|
||||
name, or terse description of hardware differences in preference to
|
||||
arbitrary set numbers. Surround the disambiguation text with
|
||||
parentheses, preserve original case for names and version text, but
|
||||
use lowercase for anything else besides proper nouns.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. _naming-cplusplus:
|
||||
|
||||
C++ naming conventions
|
||||
----------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Preprocessor macros
|
||||
Macro names should use screaming snake case. Macros are always
|
||||
global and name conflicts can cause confusing errors – think
|
||||
carefully about what macros really need to be in headers and name
|
||||
them carefully.
|
||||
Include guards
|
||||
Include guard macros should begin with ``MAME_``, and end with a
|
||||
capitalised version of the file name, withe separators replaced by
|
||||
underscores.
|
||||
Constants
|
||||
Constants should use screaming snake case, whether they are constant
|
||||
globals, constant data members, enumerators or preprocessor
|
||||
constants.
|
||||
Functions
|
||||
Free functions names should use snake case. (There are some utility
|
||||
function that were previously implemented as preprocessor macros
|
||||
that still use screaming snake case.)
|
||||
Classes
|
||||
Class names should use snake case. Abstract class names should end
|
||||
in ``_base``. Public member functions (including static member
|
||||
functions) should use snake case.
|
||||
Device classes
|
||||
Concrete driver ``driver_device`` implementation names
|
||||
conventionally end in ``_state``, while other concrete device class
|
||||
names end in ``_device``. Concrete ``device_interface`` names
|
||||
conventionally begin with ``device_`` and end with ``_interface``.
|
||||
Device types
|
||||
Device types should use screaming snake case. Remember that device
|
||||
types are names in the global namespace, so choose explicit,
|
||||
unambiguous names.
|
||||
Enumerations
|
||||
The enumeration name should use snake case. The enumerators should
|
||||
use screaming snake case.
|
||||
Template parameters
|
||||
Template parameters should use llama case (both type and value
|
||||
parameters).
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue